The most important part of the flatbed trailer transportation process is the loading and unloading process. Flatbed trailers have an open design. Because of this design, the method of loading and fixing the goods is especially important for the transportation safety. How to safely and reasonably fix the goods, this is every cargo owner needs to care about things.
Things fall off during transportation due to improper securing of semi-trailers. Such accidents can be fatal, and as a semi-trailer manufacturer in China, Genron International Trade knows that these problems can be extremely serious. That’s why we’ve put together this guide, How Should You Transport a Load on a Flatbed Trailer. This guide covers the proper way to load, secure and unload a flatbed trailer. Hopefully, these methods will help you ensure safety and stability during the transportation process.
Table of Contents
Potential Hazards When Loading and Unloading Flatbed Trailers
During loading and unloading a flatbed trailer, if you fail to load it properly. Then the following serious accidents may be induced. By identifying and managing these potential hazards, the safety of loading and unloading operations can be effectively improved.
Load Handling: Heavy load handling risks may occur during cargo loading and handling, increasing the probability of injury. This requires ensuring that operators are properly trained in handling and lifting heavy loads. Alternatively, mechanical equipment can be used directly to assist with heavy load handling.
Slips and trips: Slippery surfaces on the trailer surface or in the immediate area can cause people to slip or trip. It is therefore necessary to ensure that loading and unloading areas are dry. In inclement weather, non-slip mats may be used.
Inclement weather: Rain, snow or strong winds may affect the safety of loading, unloading and transportation. In such weather, operations can be suspended. Alternatively, covering facilities can be used.
Loose or damaged strapping: Loose or damaged strapping can cause goods to move during transportation. This requires checking the strapping before each shipment to make sure it’s okay.
Improper Packaging: Unstable packaging or inadequate shrink-wrapping can lead to broken or collapsed goods. You can choose the right packaging materials. Also make sure to ensure that the packaging is tight and stable to prevent the goods from falling apart.
Poor cargo stacking: Unstable stacking increases the risk of cargo sliding and may cause accidents. Therefore, try to make the goods as tight and even as possible when stacking them to avoid unbalanced weight distribution.
Types of load securing
Before carrying out the start of cargo transportation. It is necessary to choose the right load securing tool. This is the key to ensuring that the cargo remains stable and safe during transportation. Below are a few common types of load securing:
Choosing the appropriate load securing tool is the key to ensure that the goods remain stable and safe in transportation. The following are a few common types of load securing:
Tarpaulins and straps
Tie-downs are used to securely fasten the load to the flatbed trailer, reducing the risk of movement during transportation. It is secured by means of a winch. Commonly when 4-inch straps are used, the maximum possible weight is 5,500 pounds. For this reason, we have also compiled a list of some common types of tie-downs.
| Strap Type | Material | Recommended Use | Advantages |
| Polyester Webbing Strap | Polyester Fiber | General cargo securing | High strength, durable, UV-resistant |
| Nylon Strap | Nylon | Multi-purpose, suitable for various loads | Elastic, abrasion-resistant, versatile |
| Polypropylene Strap | Polypropylene | Ideal for lightweight load securing | Lightweight, cost-effective, moisture-resistant |
| Ratchet Strap | Various (often polyester) | General load control, adaptable to various weights | Easy tightening, adjustable length |
| Winch Strap | Polyester Fiber | Best for heavier loads | Designed for winches, safe and adjustable |
| Wire Rope Strap | Steel Wire | Ideal for heavy and bulky cargo | High strength, durable for tough conditions |
| Chain Binder | Steel | For securely connecting heavy items | Sturdy and reliable |
| Cam Buckle Strap | Various (often polyester) | Suitable for light to medium loads | Easy to use, quick-release mechanism |
Tarpaulins, on the other hand, can cover the cargo. This can effectively prevent the cargo from being affected by rain, dust and other environmental factors.
Therefore, it is extremely important to choose a tarpaulin with good waterproofing properties and to ensure that the strength of the straps is appropriate for the weight of the cargo.
Chains and Binders
Heavy loads, such as equipment, often use chains and binders to provide strong tension.
Each chain can be linked to the load and then the chain tightened. Clamps are also used to tighten them.
When choosing a chain, you need to target the size of the load as well as its weight. This ensures that a strong pulling force is provided.
Load bars
Load bars allow the load of a load to be transferred and shared. This means that the load can be spread evenly over a larger area and more goods can be transported. This reduces the risk of trailer damage. This is a cost-effective way of transporting heavy loads.
Begin with a bespoke semi-trailer designed for your exact needs. Whether it’s heavy-duty hauling or specialized cargo, we’ve got the perfect solution to keep you moving forward.
Tips on How to Secure Cargo on a Flatbed Trailer
Knowing how to secure cargo is essential before making a cargo load. Follow the 6 securing tips below to secure your cargo during every transport.
Perform a Pre-Load Inspection
Take the time to check the condition of the trailer, equipment, and cargo before loading.
Check that the vehicle’s tires, brakes, body, and tie-down points are intact.
Make sure that the weight of the cargo is evenly distributed and that no movement has occurred to avoid rollover and tipping.
Also check all the tools used. Routine ones such as straps, chains, flipcharts and tarpaulins to make sure they are undamaged and fit for use.
Even weight distribution
It is extremely important to distribute weight evenly across the trailer. This is because uneven weight distribution can easily cause some axles to become overloaded.
Also, proper balancing will reduce the risk of the semi-trailer shifting during transportation.
You would never want to see one side of the trailer much heavier than the other, but rather an even distribution.
It is recommended that you check out the semi-trailer width guide for unique insights.
Choosing the right type of equipment
Choosing the right type of equipment is crucial. Above we mentioned three types of load securing tools.
Heavy-duty cargoes can use chains and loose-leaf clips. While small to medium-sized loads can use high-strength straps.
However, you need to make sure that the strength and length of the equipment is appropriate for the size and weight of the load, and avoid using securing equipment that exceeds its safe load.
Load securing
Use appropriate load securing equipment to securely fasten your cargo to the trailer and ensure that it doesn’t come loose during transportation. Often, some companies also use tarps to protect cargo. Tarps can be used to protect the cargo. In addition, it can also serve to secure the cargo.
Check the safety of the goods before shipment
Before shipping the goods, you should check whether the equipment and goods are loose or not.
If there is any looseness, it should be repaired in time. This can greatly reduce the rate of accidents.
Keep proper documentation for future loads
Maintain equipment usage. Remember to keep a maintenance checklist. For example, when belts should be replaced.
Get a clear picture of equipment usage as well as replacements so you can avoid transportation problems.
How to load a flatbed trailer?
In the process of loading cargo with a flatbed trailer. Proper loading process is the key to successful transportation. The following is the detailed process.
Make a plan: plan the cargo placement position and center of gravity to ensure that the loading is reasonable.
Ensure even distribution: Distribute the weight evenly, with heavy objects near the center and light objects on the edges.
Control center of gravity: Keep the center of gravity in the center and bottom of the trailer to reduce the risk of rollover.
Use ramps for loading: Ensure ramps are firm and at the right angle for the weight of the load.
Secure the load: Use chains or straps to cross-fasten to prevent cargo movement.
Check after loading: Check all fixings around the trailer to ensure they are secure.
Check in transit: check the load periodically while traveling and re-secure if necessary.
However, there are several factors that need to be taken into account during the loading process described above. These factors then include the total weight of the cargo, the way the weight is distributed.
Total load weight and load distribution
Gross Load Weight
Most of Genron’s flatbed trailers are labeled with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), which is the upper limit of the total weight capacity of the trailer and its contents. Before loading, verify the trailer’s GVWR and know the trailer’s deadweight when empty.
To calculate the maximum cargo load, simply subtract the trailer’s GVWR from its unladen weight to obtain the safe loading range.
Load Weight Distribution
Different parts of the trailer (e.g. tires, axles) have their own load limits and it should be ensured that each part is not overloaded so that the vehicle remains smooth.
To ensure that the center of gravity of the cargo is stable, heavier items should be placed close to the axle position while keeping the weight balanced between the left and right sides.
It is usually recommended that 60% of the cargo be placed at the front of the trailer so that the trailer is more stable when traveling.
Tongue Weight
Tongue weight is the vertical compression weight of the trailer against the towing unit. For safe driving, tongue weight should generally be kept between 10% and 15% of the trailer’s total load.
For example, if the trailer has a GVWR of 5,000 pounds, the tongue weight should be kept between 500 and 750 pounds to ensure a balanced and safe ride.
Proper distribution of GVWR, load distribution and tongue weight will significantly improve the safety and stability of a flatbed trailer.
Begin with a bespoke semi-trailer designed for your exact needs. Whether it’s heavy-duty hauling or specialized cargo, we’ve got the perfect solution to keep you moving forward.
How to Unload a Flatbed Trailer?
When unloading a flatbed trailer, it is important to follow safety steps. This is because it can effectively prevent cargo movement or accidents. The following are key unloading safety measures:
- Avoid unloading on slopes: this is because if you unload on a slope, it can easily cause the cargo to tilt or roll over. Apart from this, you should also check for mounds or depressions. Avoid all kinds of instabilities that can lead to serious rollover accidents.
- Make sure there is enough space: It is a must to reserve enough space for unloading. You can choose the right area for unloading according to the actual situation.
- Start from the back: When loading, by loading from the left and right sides. And when unloading, operate from the back, alternating between left and right. When unloading in a weak country, there is no front towing device, then it is necessary to add support points at the front of the trailer.
- Use a safety ladder or trailer ladder: Using a safety ladder or trailer ladder is a safer way to unload. This allows you to unload without having to climb on the tires or other parts of the trailer. Also, with this component, you can unload your cargo faster. However, not all trailers have this accessory. This is because different types of flatbed trailers have different transportation purposes, and the corresponding functions are not exactly the same.
- Use a forklift to unload heavy cargo: While for heavier items, you can use a forklift or other mechanical equipment. This avoids contact between people while ensuring a safe unloading process.
Transporting your goods with Genron’s flatbed trailers
Safe handling is key when loading, securing and unloading flatbed trailers. Ensure that you always follow the safety guidelines and perform each step in a standardized manner. If you are still unsure about any of the above recommendations, Genron, as a manufacturer of flatbed trailers, has a complete guide to safe operation. We are confident that we can provide you with the relevant advice.
We also offer customization and design of flatbed trailers. We can ensure that your every transportation is smooth and safe.
